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hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is one of two potentially fatal syndromes of zoonotic origin caused by species of hantavirus.〔Koster FT. Levy H. "Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome: a new twist to an established pathogen", In: Fong IW, editor; Alibek K, editor. ''New and Evolving Infections of the 21st Century'', New York: Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.; 2006. pp. 151–170.〕 These include
Black Creek Canal virus (BCCV), New York virus (NYV), Sin Nombre virus (SNV), and certain other members of Hantavirus genera that are native to the United States and Canada.〔Nichol ST. Beaty BJ. Elliott RM. Goldbach R, et al. Family Bunyaviridae. In: Fauquet CM, editor; Mayo MA, editor; Maniloff J, editor; Desselberger U, et al., editors. ''Virus Taxonomy:'' 8th Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press;〕 Specific rodents are the principal hosts of the hantaviruses including the hispid cotton rat (''Sigmodon hispidus'') in southern Florida, which is the principal host of Black Creek Canal virus.〔Rollin PE. Ksiazek TG. Elliott LH. Ravkov EV, et al. "Isolation of Black Creek Canal virus, a new hantavirus from Sigmodon hispidus in Florida", ''J Med Virol.'' 1995;46:35–39. ()〕〔Glass GE. Livingstone W. Mills JN. Hlady WG, et al. "Black Creek Canal virus infection in Sigmodon hispidus in southern Florida", ''Am J Trop Med Hyg.'' 1998;59:699–703. PubMed〕
The deer mouse (''Peromyscus maniculatus'') in Canada and the Western United States is the principal host of Sin Nombre virus.〔Childs JE. Ksiazek TG. Spiropoulou CF. Krebs JW, et al. "Serologic and genetic identification of Peromyscus maniculatus as the primary rodent reservoir for a new hantavirus in the southwestern United States", ''J Infect Dis.'' 1994;169:1271–1280. ()〕〔Drebot MA. Gavrilovskaya I. Mackow ER. Chen Z, et al. "Genetic and serotypic characterization of Sin Nombre-like viruses in Canadian Peromyscus maniculatus mice", ''Virus Res.'' 2001;75:75–86. ()〕 The white-footed mouse (''Peromyscus leucopus'') in the eastern United States is the principal host of New York virus.〔Hjelle B. Lee SW. Song W. Torrez-Martinez N, et al. "Molecular linkage of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome to the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus: genetic characterization of the M genome of New York virus", ''J Virol.'' 1995;69:8137–8141. (free article ) ()〕
== Epidemiology ==
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome was first recognized during the 1993 outbreak in the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States. It was identified by Dr. Bruce Tempest. It was originally called Four Corners disease, but the name was changed to Sin Nombre virus after complaints by Native Americans that the name "Four Corners" stigmatized the region. It has since been identified throughout the United States.
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